{"id":849,"date":"2025-11-21T14:46:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T14:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress-newcraft-wordpress-c65f4c-91-98-137-5.traefik.me\/?post_type=marketing-post&#038;p=849"},"modified":"2026-02-28T11:00:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T10:00:15","slug":"shopify-business-customer-no-vat","status":"publish","type":"marketing-post","link":"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/nl\/posts\/shopify-business-customer-no-vat\/","title":{"rendered":"Shopify Business Customer No VAT - Complete Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Selling to business customers with no VAT in Shopify isn&#8217;t as simple as flipping a switch. EU law requires VAT number verification before you can apply zero-rate pricing to B2B orders. This complete guide explains when Shopify business customers pay no VAT, what conditions must be met, and how to automate the entire process with the <a href=\"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/apps\/eu-vat-b2b-exemptions\/\">EU Tax Exemption app<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"when-can-you-not-charge-vat\">When Can You Not Charge VAT?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You get an order from Belgium. Company X orders \u20ac800 worth. Simple question: do you charge VAT?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The answer is: <strong>it depends<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Individual in Belgium \u2192 Yes, 21% VAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Company in Belgium without VAT number \u2192 Yes, 21% VAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Company in Belgium with valid VAT number \u2192 No, 0% VAT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>That last rule is where it goes wrong in Shopify. The system sees a Belgian address and automatically charges VAT. But for companies with valid VAT number this is wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article explains when you do or don\u2019t charge VAT, and how to automate this in Shopify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-vat-rule-for-eu-sales\">The VAT Rule for EU Sales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"three-scenarios\">Three Scenarios<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Sale to Individual (B2C)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Customer: Individual in Germany<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule: You charge domestic VAT (21%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer pays: \u20ac1,210 for product of \u20ac1,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Sale within Your Country (B2B)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Customer: Domestic company<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule: You charge domestic VAT (21%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer pays: \u20ac1,210, deducts VAT in own return<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Intra-Community Supply (B2B EU)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Customer: German company with valid VAT number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule: No domestic VAT (reverse charge)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer pays: \u20ac1,000, handles VAT in Germany<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-these-rules-exist\">Why These Rules Exist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The principle is simple: VAT is paid in the country where the product is consumed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For individuals:<\/strong> You are responsible for VAT <strong>For companies in other EU countries:<\/strong> They are responsible for VAT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is called the reverse charge mechanism. Instead of you charging domestic VAT and the German customer reclaiming it later, the German company directly handles German VAT. More efficient for everyone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32006L0112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EU VAT Directive Article 138<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-conditions-when-you-really-cannot-charge-vat\">The Conditions: When You Really Cannot Charge VAT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can only not charge VAT if <strong>all<\/strong> conditions apply:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-the-customer-is-a-business\">1. The customer is a business<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Not just a claim \u201cI\u2019m business\u201d. You need proof.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-the-business-has-a-valid-vat-number\">2. The business has a valid VAT number<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Valid means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Registered in VIES database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Active (not deregistered)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Matches company name<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-you-validate-the-number-via-vies\">3. You validate the number via VIES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You must check on <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/taxation_customs\/vies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ec.europa.eu\/taxation_customs\/vies<\/a>. A customer who says \u201cmy number is X\u201d is not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-you-document-the-validation\">4. You document the validation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>During audit you must be able to demonstrate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Which VAT number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When validated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What VIES responded<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For which order<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-its-another-eu-member-state\">5. It\u2019s another EU member state<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Your country \u2192 France: no VAT Your country \u2192 Your country: yes VAT Your country \u2192 US: different rules (export outside EU)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Missing one condition?<\/strong> Then you must charge VAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-shopify-problem\">The Shopify Problem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shopify\u2019s tax engine is black and white:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It sees an EU country \u2192 It charges VAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>That\u2019s it<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u274c Detection of B2B vs B2C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u274c VAT number validation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u274c Automatic exemption<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u274c Documentation of validations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What happens in practice?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scenario A: Individual from France<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shopify: \u20ac1,210 (correct \u2713)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer: Pays and done<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scenario B: Company from France<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shopify: \u20ac1,210 (wrong \u2717)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer: \u201cThis isn\u2019t right, I shouldn\u2019t pay VAT\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You: Start manual process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And that manual process costs time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"three-solutions-compared\">Three Solutions Compared<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Manual<\/th><th>Customer Tag<\/th><th>EU Tax Exemption App<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>New customers<\/strong><\/td><td>After order<\/td><td>No (needs account first)<\/td><td>Direct at checkout \u2713<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>VIES validation<\/strong><\/td><td>You do this<\/td><td>You do this<\/td><td>Automatic \u2713<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>VAT exemption<\/strong><\/td><td>Refund afterwards<\/td><td>Tag beforehand<\/td><td>Real-time \u2713<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Documentation<\/strong><\/td><td>Manual tracking<\/td><td>Not built-in<\/td><td>Automatic \u2713<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Time per order<\/strong><\/td><td>15-20 minutes<\/td><td>5 minutes setup<\/td><td>0 minutes \u2713<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Suitable for<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt; 2 orders\/month<\/td><td>5-10 regular customers<\/td><td>Any volume \u2713<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"automate-with-eu-tax-exemption-app\">Automate with EU Tax Exemption App<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.shopify.com\/tax-exemption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tax Exemption App<\/a> automates the entire process: from VAT number input to VIES validation to documentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-happens-with-each-order\">What Happens with Each Order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Without app:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Order arrives \u2192 Customer paid VAT\n\u2193\nCustomer emails: \"I'm business\"\n\u2193\nYou check VAT number on VIES\n\u2193\nYou create credit note\n\u2193\nYou refund\n\u2193\nTime: 15-20 minutes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>With app:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Checkout \u2192 Customer enters VAT number\n\u2193\nApp checks VIES (2 seconds)\n\u2193\nValid? VAT off, invalid? VAT stays\n\u2193\nCustomer pays correct amount\n\u2193\nValidation documented\n\u2193\nTime: 0 minutes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>See here an example of the widget: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1760\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress-newcraft-wordpress-c65f4c-91-98-137-5.traefik.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-scaled.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-861\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-1024x704.png 1024w, https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-768x528.png 768w, https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-1536x1056.png 1536w, https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/dqQ0zH8-1-2048x1408.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"installation\">Installation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Full steps in our guide, but TL;DR:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Install app (30 seconds)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choose design &amp; colors (5 minutes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Test with dummy VAT number (2 minutes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Live<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"video\">Video<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zo verkoop je btw-vrij aan bedrijven in de EU (met Shopify)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tiX0UXyoNig?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recognizing-vat-numbers\">Recognizing VAT Numbers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Each EU country has its own format. The app recognizes them automatically, but good to know:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Country<\/th><th>Format<\/th><th>Check<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NL<\/td><td>NL123456789B01<\/td><td>12 digits + B<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BE<\/td><td>BE0123456789<\/td><td>Starts with 0 or 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DE<\/td><td>DE123456789<\/td><td>Always 9 digits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FR<\/td><td>FRXX123456789<\/td><td>2 letters or digits + 9 digits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IT<\/td><td>IT12345678901<\/td><td>11 digits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ES<\/td><td>ESX12345678X<\/td><td>Can have letter at start or end<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> If a customer enters wrong format, let your system show a clear error message. For example: \u201cGerman VAT number must be 9 digits after DE (DE123456789)\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-customer-questions\">Common Customer Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-do-i-need-to-provide-my-vat-number\">\u201dWhy do I need to provide my VAT number?\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Your answer:<\/strong> \u201cFor business purchases within the EU, the reverse charge mechanism applies. You then don\u2019t pay domestic VAT, but handle VAT in your own country. To apply this, we must validate your VAT number via the official EU database.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-dont-have-a-vat-number\">&#8220;I don\u2019t have a VAT number\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Possible reasons:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They\u2019re individual \u2192 Then they pay VAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They\u2019re small business (&lt; threshold) \u2192 Then they pay VAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They\u2019re not EU-based \u2192 Different rules<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Your answer:<\/strong> \u201cNo problem! You can just order. The VAT will then remain on the total amount.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"my-vat-number-is-not-accepted\">&#8220;My VAT number is not accepted\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Check:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is the format correct?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the number active in VIES?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is it a VAT number (not company registration number)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Test yourself:<\/strong> Go to <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/taxation_customs\/vies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIES checker<\/a> and test the number. If VIES says \u201cInvalid\u201d, then the number is not valid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"can-i-order-as-business-without-vat-number\">\u201dCan I order as business without VAT number?\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> No. Without valid VAT number we cannot apply VAT exemption. This is a legal requirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"compliance-what-you-must-keep\">Compliance: What You Must Keep<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During a tax authority audit you must be able to demonstrate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"per-intra-community-supply\">Per Intra-Community Supply<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2705 Customer\u2019s VAT number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Date of validation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Result of VIES check<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Order number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Invoice amount excl. VAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 \u201cVAT reverse charge\u201d mention on invoice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"retention-period\">Retention Period<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minimum 7 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Directly accessible during audit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preferably digital + exportable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>EU Tax Exemption App does this automatically. Dashboard with all data, CSV export for your accountant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"risks-of-incorrect-application\">Risks of Incorrect Application<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"not-charging-vat-without-validation\">Not Charging VAT Without Validation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scenario:<\/strong> You believe customer on their word that they\u2019re business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risk:<\/strong> During audit you can\u2019t demonstrate VAT number was valid. You still have to pay VAT + fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fine:<\/strong> Can amount to 100% of the due VAT amount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"charging-vat-when-you-shouldnt\">Charging VAT When You Shouldn\u2019t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scenario:<\/strong> You charge VAT for a valid business number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risk:<\/strong> Customer pays too much. If you don\u2019t refund this, and customer complains to tax authorities, you can get problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"no-documentation-kept\">No Documentation Kept<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scenario:<\/strong> You validate, but keep no proof.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risk:<\/strong> During audit no proof = as if you didn\u2019t validate = back taxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"special-situations\">Special Situations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sale-to-government\">Sale to Government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>EU government institutions also have VAT numbers. Rule is the same: valid number = no VAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sale-to-small-businesses\">Sale to Small Businesses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Small businesses (&lt; threshold) often don\u2019t have VAT number. Then they just pay VAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mixed-orders-b2b--b2c-items\">Mixed Orders (B2B + B2C Items)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If a business customer buys both business and private products? Depends on your agreements. Usually: everything business = everything without VAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dropshipping\">Dropshipping<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you dropship from your country to German businesses: same rule. Valid VAT number = no VAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"next-steps\">Next Steps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You now know when you don\u2019t charge VAT for business customers. The choice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Manual<\/strong> \u2192 &lt; 3 orders\/month, lots of time <strong>Customer tags<\/strong> \u2192 5-10 regular customers, manual tagging <strong>EU Tax Exemption App<\/strong> \u2192 5+ orders\/month, want automation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For growing businesses automation is the only practical choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Start today:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.shopify.com\/tax-exemption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Try EU Tax Exemption App free \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>More guides:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/posts\/shopify-vat-exemption-eu-businesses\/\">Complete VAT exemption setup guide<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/posts\/shopify-checkout-remove-vat\/\">Remove VAT from checkout<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/posts\/how-to-add-vat-number-field-shopify\/\">How to add VAT number field<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/posts\/best-shopify-vat-app-comparison\/\">Compare best VAT apps<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions: Shopify Business Customer VAT<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how to automatically not charge VAT for business customers in the EU. Compliant, fast and without manual work for your Shopify webshop.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":""},"class_list":["post-849","marketing-post","type-marketing-post","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"related_apps":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/marketing-post\/849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/marketing-post"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/marketing-post"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newcraft.dev\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}